Amount of substance

Amount of substance measures the number of specified elementary entities in a sample. Its SI unit is the mole, which contains exactly 6.02214076 × 10²³ entities.

Mole: The SI unit of amount of substance, defined as containing exactly 6.02214076 × 10²³ specified entities. Amount of substance is expressed in moles, with the entity type stated.
Molar mass: The mass of one mole of a specified substance, usually expressed in grams per mole. It converts a measured sample mass into an amount of substance.
Wilhelm Ostwald: A German chemist who helped establish physical chemistry and popularized the term mole. His early use helped give chemists a name for a fixed chemical quantity.
Titration: A method for determining a solution's concentration by reacting it with a solution of known composition. Measured reaction volumes reveal the amount of analyte through stoichiometric ratios.
Mass: A physical quantity measuring an object's inertia and its response to gravitational forces. Equal masses of different substances can contain different amounts of substance.
Avogadro constant: The number of specified entities per mole, exactly 6.02214076 × 10²³ mol⁻¹. It converts between an amount in moles and a count of entities.
Amount concentration: The amount of a constituent divided by the volume of the mixture. It expresses amount of substance per volume in solutions.
Jean Perrin: A French physicist whose experiments supported the atomic theory and determined Avogadro's number. His measurements strengthened the link between mole-scale amounts and individual molecules.
Chemical equation: A symbolic representation of a chemical reaction showing reactants, products, and their stoichiometric proportions. Its coefficients specify ratios between reacting amounts.
Number of particles: A count of discrete entities, such as atoms, molecules, or ions. It is the direct count that amount of substance scales by the Avogadro constant.

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