Knowra Amphetamine Amphetamine Amphetamine is a synthetic central nervous system stimulant that increases signaling by dopamine and norepinephrine. It is used medically for attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder and narcolepsy and is also misused recreationally.
Monoamine transporter : A membrane protein that moves monoamine neurotransmitters across cell membranes. Amphetamine enters nerve cells through these transporters and alters their normal neurotransmitter handling.
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder : A neurodevelopmental condition involving persistent inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity that impair functioning. Amphetamine-based medicines can reduce core symptoms for some people with this diagnosis.
Phenethylamine : An organic compound whose structure forms the backbone of many neurotransmitters and psychoactive drugs. Amphetamine is a substituted phenethylamine, linking it structurally to several other stimulants.
Methylphenidate : A prescription central nervous system stimulant used mainly to treat attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. It treats overlapping symptoms but has a different chemical structure and primary transporter action.
Dopamine : A neurotransmitter involved in movement, motivation, learning, and reward. Amphetamine raises extracellular dopamine, contributing to its effects and misuse potential.
Narcolepsy : A chronic neurological disorder that disrupts the brain’s regulation of sleep and wakefulness. Amphetamine can promote wakefulness, though other treatments are often preferred.
Enantiomer : One of two molecular forms that are mirror images and cannot be superimposed. Amphetamine’s dextro and levo forms differ in their effects and relative stimulant activity.
Cocaine : A stimulant drug that blocks dopamine, norepinephrine, and serotonin reuptake transporters. Cocaine and amphetamine both increase monoamine signaling, but do so through different mechanisms and time courses.
Norepinephrine : A neurotransmitter and hormone involved in alertness, attention, and the stress response. Increased norepinephrine signaling helps explain amphetamine’s effects on wakefulness and attention.
Dextroamphetamine : The dextrorotatory enantiomer of amphetamine, used as a prescription stimulant. It is a specific amphetamine form found in medicines for ADHD and narcolepsy.
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