Amur Annexation

Amur Annexation was Russia’s acquisition of territories north of the Amur River and east of the Ussuri River from Qing China through the Treaties of Aigun and Beijing.

Treaty of Aigun: A 1858 treaty that transferred the north bank of the Amur River from Qing China to Russia. It began the territorial transfer by ceding the Amur’s north bank to Russia.
Amur River: A major river in Northeast Asia that forms part of the modern border between Russia and China. The river’s north bank defined the main territory transferred in 1858.
Russian Far East: The easternmost region of Russia, spanning Siberia and the Pacific coast. The annexed lands became a central part of Russia’s Far Eastern territory.
Treaty of Kyakhta: A 1727 agreement that regulated trade and settled parts of the Qing–Russian boundary. It illustrates an earlier phase of negotiated relations before Russia’s nineteenth-century territorial gains.
Treaty of Beijing: A 1860 treaty that confirmed Russia’s Amur gains and ceded territory east of the Ussuri River. It completed Russia’s acquisition of the Pacific-facing territory east of the Ussuri.
Ussuri River: A river in Northeast Asia that forms part of the modern Russia–China border. The treaties placed lands east of the Ussuri under Russian sovereignty.
Primorsky Krai: A Russian administrative region on the Pacific coast, including Vladivostok. It occupies much of the territory Russia obtained east of the Ussuri.
Convention of Peking: The 1860 agreement between Russia and Qing China commonly called the Treaty of Beijing. This English name highlights the same instrument that secured the eastern territorial cession.
Nikolay Muravyov-Amursky: A Russian statesman who served as governor-general of Eastern Siberia from 1847 to 1861. He pressed for Russian expansion along the Amur and negotiated the Treaty of Aigun.
Outer Manchuria: A historical region of Northeast Asia transferred from Qing China to Russia in the nineteenth century. This regional name covers much of the territory involved in the annexation.

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ManchuriaRelated: It explains why historical and present-day maps of Manchuria do not share the same boundaries.