Amusia

Amusia is an impairment in perceiving, remembering, or producing music, caused by brain injury or present from birth. It can affect pitch, rhythm, musical memory, or singing.

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Congenital amusia: A lifelong difficulty recognizing or producing music, present without an acquired brain injury. This developmental form often particularly impairs melody and pitch perception.
Melody: A sequence of musical pitches perceived as a coherent tune. Melody recognition depends on noticing pitch relationships across successive notes.
Tone deafness: A common name for persistent difficulty perceiving or producing musical pitch accurately. It commonly describes the pitch-focused difficulty associated with congenital amusia.
Isabelle Peretz: A cognitive neuroscientist known for research on music perception and amusia. Her studies helped define congenital amusia and develop ways to assess it.
Anhedonia: A reduced ability to experience pleasure from activities that are usually enjoyable. Musical pleasure can be diminished without impairing the perception of musical structure.
Acquired amusia: Loss or impairment of musical abilities following brain injury or disease. Its symptoms depend on which musical-processing networks the injury disrupts.
Musical interval: The difference in pitch between two musical notes. Small interval differences can be difficult to detect in congenital amusia.
Aphasia: An acquired impairment of language production or comprehension caused by brain damage. Some patients lose musical abilities while retaining language, or show the reverse pattern.
Nicolas R. Foster: A neuroscientist whose research examines music perception and its neural organization. His work contributes to research linking musical abilities with brain networks.
Hyperacusis: An unusually strong sensitivity or intolerance to ordinary sounds. Sound intolerance differs from difficulty recognizing or producing music.