An Lushan Rebellion

A major revolt against the Tang dynasty in China, launched by An Lushan in 755 and suppressed in 763. It devastated the empire and accelerated the Tang dynasty’s decline.

Fanyang: A Tang-era military command in northeastern China, centered near modern Beijing. An Lushan launched his revolt from this northeastern power base.
An Lushan: A Tang general of Sogdian and Turkic ancestry who led the rebellion against the dynasty in 755. His military career and break with the court initiated the revolt.
Tang dynasty military governors: Regional commanders who exercised military and often civil authority in late Tang China. After the revolt, their expanding power constrained the central government.
An Lushan's revolt: The uprising An Lushan began in 755 against the Tang dynasty, initially capturing major northern cities. Its rapid opening campaigns turned a regional mutiny into an imperial crisis.
Jiedushi: A Tang military governor who commanded frontier forces and often held extensive civil authority. An Lushan’s command as a jiedushi gave him the troops and autonomy to rebel.
Emperor Xuanzong of Tang: A Tang emperor whose long reign lasted from 712 to 756 and ended amid the rebellion’s opening crisis. His court’s decisions shaped the political conditions An Lushan exploited.
Tang dynasty tax system: The institutions and levies through which the Tang state raised revenue from land, households, and trade. War and territorial loss weakened older revenue arrangements and hastened fiscal change.
Fall of Chang'an (756): The capture of the Tang capital Chang'an by rebel forces in 756. The capital’s loss forced Emperor Xuanzong to flee and demonstrated the rebels’ reach.
Tang dynasty: An imperial Chinese dynasty that ruled from 618 to 907, with a brief interruption. The revolt challenged Tang sovereignty and exposed the dynasty’s weakening control.
Yang Guozhong: A Tang chief minister and relative of Yang Guifei, executed during the court’s flight in 756. His rivalry with An Lushan intensified conflict between the commander and the court.

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