Knowra Ancient Rome Ancient Rome Ancient Rome was a civilization centered on the city of Rome that grew from a small city-state into a republic and Mediterranean empire, then a lasting imperial society.
Roman Kingdom : The traditional first period of Roman history, when kings ruled Rome before the republic. Rome’s earliest political form preceded the republican institutions that shaped its expansion.
Roman Senate : A political body whose members advised magistrates and wielded major influence in Roman government. Senatorial authority connected elite competition to decisions about war, finance, and administration.
Punic Wars : A series of wars between Rome and Carthage from 264 to 146 BCE. Victory over Carthage made Rome the dominant power in the western Mediterranean.
Pax Romana : A long period of relative stability across the Roman Empire, conventionally dated from 27 BCE to 180 CE. Imperial stability fostered trade, urban growth, and cultural exchange across the Mediterranean.
Roman Republic : The Roman state governed by elected magistrates and the Senate from 509 to 27 BCE. Its wars, offices, and political conflicts built the foundations of Roman power.
Roman legion : A major unit of the Roman army, composed chiefly of citizen soldiers and organized into cohorts. Legions supplied the disciplined forces that conquered and defended Roman territory.
Julius Caesar : A Roman general and politician whose dictatorship helped bring the republic to an end. His rise exposed the republic’s political fractures and accelerated its collapse.
Romanization : The spread and local adoption of Roman language, customs, institutions, and material culture. Provincial societies adopted Roman practices while reshaping them through local traditions.
Romulus and Remus : Legendary twin brothers, one of whom founded Rome after a conflict with the other. Their story became Rome’s celebrated mythical account of its foundation.
Roman citizenship : A legal status that granted people defined rights and obligations within the Roman state. Extending citizenship helped Rome integrate communities beyond the city itself.
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