Andorra

Andorra is a landlocked microstate in the eastern Pyrenees, between France and Spain. It is a parliamentary co-principality whose two heads of state are the president of France and the bishop of Urgell.

Parliamentary co-principality: A state whose two co-princes serve as heads of state while an elected parliament governs. Andorra combines an elected government with two constitutionally recognized co-princes.
Paréage of Andorra: A 1278 agreement that established shared lordship over Andorra between the bishop of Urgell and the count of Foix. This settlement created the arrangement from which the modern co-principality evolved.
Tourism in Andorra: A major economic sector built around mountain recreation, shopping, and cultural attractions. Visitors drawn by skiing and mountain scenery are central to Andorra’s economy.
Monaco: A sovereign city-state on the Mediterranean coast, bordered by France. Unlike Andorra’s parliamentary co-principality, Monaco is a hereditary principality.
Pyrenees: A mountain range forming a natural boundary between the Iberian Peninsula and the rest of Europe. Andorra occupies a high mountain region within the eastern Pyrenees.
Count of Foix: A medieval ruler of the County of Foix in what is now southern France. The count’s rights in Andorra passed through French ruling lines to the French head of state.
Skiing in Andorra: A winter sport practiced at Andorran resorts in the Pyrenees, including Grandvalira and Vallnord–Pal Arinsal. High-altitude ski areas make winter sports one of the country’s leading attractions.
San Marino: A small sovereign republic surrounded by Italy. It shares Andorra’s microstate scale but has a republican system and no co-princes.
Catalan language: A Romance language spoken chiefly in eastern Spain, Andorra, and parts of France and Italy. Catalan is Andorra’s official language and a marker of its cultural ties to Catalonia.
French Revolution: A period of political upheaval in France beginning in 1789 that ended the monarchy and transformed the state. Revolutionary France temporarily relinquished its co-princely rights over Andorra.

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