Andrew Jackson

Andrew Jackson was the seventh U.S. president, serving from 1829 to 1837, and a military leader who helped found the Democratic Party. His presidency expanded executive power and drove the forced removal of Native peoples.

Indian Removal Act: A 1830 U.S. law authorizing the exchange of Native lands in the East for territory west of the Mississippi River. Jackson signed the law that enabled mass forced removal during his presidency.
Presidential veto: The president’s constitutional power to reject a bill passed by Congress. Jackson used vetoes as policy arguments, notably against the bank recharter.
Battle of New Orleans: An 1815 battle in which U.S. forces under Andrew Jackson defeated a British army near New Orleans. The victory made Jackson a national military hero before his presidential career.
John C. Calhoun: A U.S. politician and vice president who defended states’ rights and South Carolina’s nullification position. His constitutional theory directly challenged Jackson’s defense of federal authority.
Trail of Tears: The forced migration of Cherokee people from the Southeast to Indian Territory in 1838–1839, during which thousands died. It followed the removal policy Jackson advanced and was enforced under his successor.
Second Bank of the United States: A federally chartered institution that managed government finances and regulated parts of the national banking system from 1816 to 1836. Jackson made opposition to its recharter a central presidential struggle.
Creek War: A 1813–1814 conflict in the southeastern United States between U.S.-aligned forces and Red Stick Creek warriors. Jackson’s campaigns in the war established his reputation and expanded U.S. control of Creek lands.
Henry Clay: A U.S. senator and political leader who supported the Second Bank and the American System. Clay organized opposition to Jackson’s bank policy and became a leading political rival.
Bank War: The political struggle over Jackson’s effort to destroy the Second Bank of the United States. Jackson’s veto and withdrawal of federal deposits made this a defining conflict of his presidency.
Democratic Party: A major U.S. political party that emerged in the 1820s around Andrew Jackson and his supporters. Jackson’s coalition became the party’s organizational foundation.

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