Andrew Mellon

Andrew W. Mellon (1855–1937) was an American banker, industrialist, philanthropist, and U.S. secretary of the Treasury. He helped build a major industrial and financial empire and became a leading art collector.

Thomas Mellon: Thomas Mellon (1813–1908) was an Irish-American judge, banker, and founder of the Mellon family fortune. Andrew’s father founded the family bank and laid the groundwork for his business career.
Mellon Plan: The Mellon Plan was a federal tax-reduction program pursued during the 1920s under Treasury Secretary Andrew Mellon. It embodies Mellon’s effort to lower tax rates and reduce federal debt during the 1920s.
Mellon National Bank: Mellon National Bank was a Pittsburgh bank founded by Thomas Mellon and later led by Andrew and Richard Mellon. The family bank supplied a central platform for Mellon’s financial influence and industrial investments.
Progressive Era: The Progressive Era was a period of U.S. reform movements and government regulation, spanning roughly the 1890s through the 1920s. Progressive reformers challenged the concentration of wealth that Mellon’s business empire represented.
Richard B. Mellon: Richard B. Mellon (1858–1933) was an American banker and industrialist who led major Mellon family enterprises. Andrew’s brother was his close partner in managing the family’s business interests.
National Gallery of Art: The National Gallery of Art is a public art museum in Washington, D.C., established by Congress in 1937. Mellon financed the museum’s founding and gave it his art collection.
Aluminum Company of America: Aluminum Company of America, later Alcoa, was an American producer that became a leading aluminum manufacturer. Mellon-backed financing helped the company grow into a dominant aluminum producer.
Great Depression: The Great Depression was a worldwide economic crisis that began in 1929 and caused prolonged unemployment and hardship. The collapse exposed the limits of Mellon’s preference for tax reductions and restrained federal intervention.
Herbert Hoover: Herbert Hoover (1874–1964) was an American engineer and politician who served as the 31st president of the United States. Hoover’s presidency saw Mellon remain Treasury secretary amid the Great Depression and calls for his resignation.
Mellon Institute of Industrial Research: The Mellon Institute of Industrial Research was a Pittsburgh institution that conducted applied research for industry. Mellon philanthropy helped establish this research institution, later incorporated into Carnegie Mellon University.

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