Knowra Andrology Andrology Andrology is the medical specialty concerned with male reproductive health, including sexual function, fertility, and disorders of the male reproductive system.
Male infertility : Male infertility is the inability to achieve pregnancy with a partner because of factors involving the male reproductive system. Andrologists assess sperm production, transport, and function when evaluating a couple’s difficulty conceiving.
Spermatogenesis : Spermatogenesis is the process by which germ cells develop into mature sperm in the testes. Disrupted sperm production is a major pathway to male infertility.
Reproductive system : The reproductive system comprises organs and processes involved in producing gametes and enabling reproduction. Andrology focuses on the male reproductive system and its interactions with sexual health.
Gynecology : Gynecology is the medical specialty concerned with the health of the female reproductive system. It addresses reproductive health in women, whereas andrology focuses on male reproductive health.
Erectile dysfunction : Erectile dysfunction is the persistent inability to achieve or maintain an erection sufficient for sexual activity. Its vascular, hormonal, neurological, and psychological causes make it a major area of andrological care.
Hypothalamic–pituitary–gonadal axis : The hypothalamic–pituitary–gonadal axis is the hormone-signaling system linking the brain to reproductive organs. Its signals regulate testosterone production and sperm development.
Urology : Urology is the medical and surgical specialty treating diseases of the urinary tract and male reproductive organs. Andrology is closely related to urology, with a narrower focus on male reproductive and sexual health.
Reproductive endocrinology and infertility : Reproductive endocrinology and infertility is a subspecialty focused on reproductive hormones and fertility care, often involving both partners. Its couple-centered fertility scope overlaps with andrology but is not limited to male reproductive disorders.
Hypogonadism : Hypogonadism is inadequate production of sex hormones by the gonads, sometimes accompanied by impaired reproductive function. Andrologists diagnose and treat low testosterone while considering its effects on fertility and general health.
Testosterone : Testosterone is a steroid hormone produced mainly by the testes that supports male reproductive development and function. Its levels and actions are central to evaluating sexual function, puberty, and hypogonadism.
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