Anglo-Nepalese War

The 1814–1816 war between the East India Company and the Kingdom of Nepal ended with Nepal ceding territory and signing the Treaty of Sugauli.

Treaty of Sugauli: The 1816 treaty that ended the Anglo-Nepalese War and required Nepal to cede territory. Its territorial terms formalized Nepal’s defeat and fixed the war’s outcome.
Gorkha expansion: The territorial growth of the Gorkha kingdom across the Himalayan region during the eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries. Its westward expansion brought Nepalese authority into areas claimed by the Company.
British India: The territories in South Asia governed by Britain, first through the East India Company and later the Crown. The Company’s victory strengthened its authority along Nepal’s southern frontier.
David Ochterlony: A British East India Company general who led successful campaigns against Nepalese forces in 1815–1816. His operations broke Nepalese resistance in the west and helped force negotiations.
Battle of Nalapani: The 1814 siege of a Nepalese fort near Dehradun, defended by Balbhadra Kunwar against Company forces. The fort’s determined defense became an early emblem of Nepalese resistance.
East India Company: An English joint-stock company that acquired extensive territorial and political power in South Asia. Its frontier officials and military forces confronted Nepal over disputed land.
Terai: A lowland belt of fertile plains along the southern edge of the Himalaya. Territory in the Terai changed hands under the settlement and remained strategically significant.
Balbhadra Kunwar: A Nepalese military commander known for defending the fort at Nalapani during the war. His stand became one of the conflict’s best-known episodes of resistance.
Battle of Jaithak: A 1814–1815 campaign in which Company forces fought Nepalese troops defending a stronghold in the western Himalaya. The prolonged fighting showed how terrain and fortifications obstructed Company advances.
Kingdom of Nepal: The Himalayan state unified under the Shah dynasty and ruled from Kathmandu. Its territorial expansion and defense defined Nepal’s role in the conflict.

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