Anglo-Zulu War

The Anglo-Zulu War was an 1879 conflict between the British Empire and the Zulu Kingdom. British forces defeated the Zulu army and later annexed the kingdom.

Battle of Isandlwana: A major Zulu victory over a British force in Natal on 22 January 1879. The Zulu army’s destruction of a British column overturned expectations early in the war.
British invasion of Zululand: The British Empire’s multi-column advance into the Zulu Kingdom in January 1879. The invasion plan dispersed British forces and exposed them to defeat at Isandlwana.
British annexation of the Transvaal: The British Empire’s takeover of the South African Republic in 1877. The annexation intensified British efforts to consolidate authority across the region bordering Zululand.
Partition of the Zulu Kingdom: The division of the defeated Zulu Kingdom into separate chiefdoms under British supervision in 1879. The British imposed partition to prevent the restoration of a unified Zulu state.
Battle of Rorke’s Drift: A British defense of a mission station against a Zulu attack on 22–23 January 1879. The defense followed Isandlwana and became a celebrated British account of the campaign.
Zulu military system: The organization, training, and command structure through which the Zulu Kingdom mobilized its army. Its regiments and disciplined formations enabled rapid concentration against British columns.
Sir Bartle Frere: A British colonial administrator who served as High Commissioner for Southern Africa from 1877. Frere pursued regional federation and issued demands that helped precipitate the war.
Anglo-Zulu War of 1883: A conflict in which Zibhebhu kaMaphitha fought supporters of Cetshwayo during the struggle to restore Zulu rule. The 1879 settlement failed to secure peace and helped produce renewed civil warfare.
Battle of Kambula: A British victory over a Zulu army at a fortified camp on 29 March 1879. The defeat weakened Zulu offensive capacity after the shock of Isandlwana.
Martini–Henry rifle: A British single-shot, breech-loading rifle used by infantry in the late nineteenth century. British firepower mattered, but ammunition supply and battlefield positioning limited its advantages.

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