Angola

Angola is a country on southwestern Africa’s Atlantic coast, bordered by Namibia, Zambia, and the Democratic Republic of the Congo. Its territory also includes the exclave of Cabinda.

Portuguese Angola: The Portuguese colonial territory that preceded independent Angola. Colonial rule established institutions and borders that independence inherited.
Petroleum industry in Angola: The extraction, processing, and export of petroleum in Angola. Oil exports supply a large share of government revenue and foreign exchange.
Agostinho Neto: An Angolan poet and politician who became the country’s first president in 1975. Neto led the MPLA during independence and established the first postcolonial government.
Cabinda: An Angolan exclave on the Atlantic coast, separated from the rest of the country by a strip of the Democratic Republic of the Congo. Cabinda contains major oil facilities and a separatist movement.
Democratic Republic of the Congo: A large Central African country bordering Angola to the north and east. Its shared border and regional conflicts shaped Angola’s security and cross-border relations.
Angolan War of Independence: The armed struggle against Portuguese rule from 1961 until Angolan independence in 1975. This conflict ended colonial rule and set rival liberation movements against one another.
Diamond mining in Angola: The extraction and trade of diamonds from Angolan deposits. Diamond revenues became strategically important during the civil war and afterward.
Jonas Savimbi: The founder and leader of UNITA, an Angolan political and military movement. Savimbi’s rivalry with the MPLA drove much of the civil war.
Luanda: The capital and largest city of Angola, located on the Atlantic coast. Luanda concentrates government, commerce, and a large share of the country’s population.
Namibia: A country on southwestern Africa’s Atlantic coast, bordering Angola to the south. Namibia’s neighboring position links the countries through migration, trade, and shared regional history.

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