Anhui clique

The Anhui clique was a Beiyang warlord faction led by Duan Qirui that sought national political control in China after the Qing dynasty fell. Its rivalry with the Zhili clique culminated in the Zhili–Anhui War of 1920.

Duan Qirui: A Chinese military and political leader who headed the Anhui clique and served several times as premier and chief executive. He built the faction’s leadership network and directed its national strategy.
Chinese parliament: The national legislative institution of the early Republic of China, repeatedly disrupted by political conflict and military pressure. The Anhui clique used parliamentary allies to support its governments and political program.
Zhili–Anhui War: A 1920 conflict in which Zhili and Fengtian forces defeated the Anhui clique’s army. The defeat ended the clique’s dominance of the Beijing government.
Zhili clique: A Beiyang warlord faction led by Feng Guozhang and later Wu Peifu that competed for control of the Beijing government. It was the Anhui clique’s chief rival and defeated it in 1920.
Beiyang government: The central government of the Republic of China based in Beijing from 1912 to 1928. The clique emerged within this government’s military and political establishment.
Anfu Club election: The 1918 parliamentary election in which candidates associated with the Anfu Club gained a commanding majority. The result gave the clique a parliamentary base alongside its military power.
Anhui clique–Fengtian alliance: A wartime political and military alignment between Duan Qirui’s Anhui clique and Zhang Zuolin’s Fengtian forces. This alliance drew the Fengtian army into the conflict against the Zhili faction.
Guominjun: A Chinese military faction led by Feng Yuxiang that seized Beijing in 1924. Its coup helped destroy the remaining political order built around the Beiyang cliques.
Beiyang Army: A modernized Chinese army established under the Qing dynasty and influential in early Republican politics. Its officers and units formed the military foundation from which Beiyang factions developed.
Anfu Club: A parliamentary organization associated with the Anhui clique that dominated the Beijing parliament after the 1918 elections. Its legislators helped translate the faction’s influence into votes and office.

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