Anna of Russia

Anna Ivanovna ruled as empress of Russia from 1730 to 1740. The daughter of Ivan V and niece of Peter the Great, she strengthened autocratic rule and relied heavily on Baltic German advisers.

Ivan V of Russia: Ivan V was co-tsar of Russia with his half-brother Peter I from 1682 until his death in 1696. Anna was Ivan V’s daughter, giving her a Romanov claim to the throne.
Conditions of 1730: The Conditions of 1730 were terms imposed by Russian nobles that sought to limit Anna’s authority as empress. Anna accepted these restrictions before tearing them up soon after her accession.
Andrey Osterman: Andrey Osterman was a Russian statesman of German origin who served in senior diplomatic and governmental posts. He was a leading minister under Anna and helped manage the empire’s foreign policy.
War of the Polish Succession: The War of the Polish Succession was a European conflict fought from 1733 to 1735 over the Polish throne. Russia intervened under Anna to help secure Augustus III’s election as king of Poland.
Peter the Great: Peter I ruled Russia from 1682 to 1725 and transformed its government, military, and relations with Europe. As her uncle, Peter the Great connected Anna to the ruling Romanov line.
Autocracy: Autocracy is a system of government in which supreme political authority rests with one ruler. Anna rejected limits on her sovereignty and reasserted autocratic government.
Burkhard Christoph von Münnich: Burkhard Christoph von Münnich was a German-born Russian field marshal and administrator who served under several Romanov rulers. He held major military and governmental authority during Anna’s reign.
Russo-Turkish War (1735–1739): The Russo-Turkish War of 1735–1739 was a conflict between Russia and the Ottoman Empire and its allies. Anna’s government pursued territorial gains against the Ottoman Empire, with costly results.
Romanov dynasty: The Romanovs were the ruling dynasty of Russia from 1613 until the monarchy’s overthrow in 1917. Anna’s accession continued Romanov rule amid disputes over succession.
Bironovshchina: Bironovshchina is a Russian term for the perceived dominance of foreign advisers and repression under Anna’s reign. The label captures contemporary and later criticism of her court’s political influence.

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