Knowra Annales school Annales school The Annales school is a French historiographical movement that studies long-term social, economic, and geographic structures alongside political events.
Longue durée : A historical timescale emphasizing slow-changing structures that persist across generations. This idea names the long timescale central to the school’s historical explanations.
Annales d'histoire économique et sociale : A French history journal founded in 1929 by Marc Bloch and Lucien Febvre. The journal gave the movement its name and a platform for its program.
Fernand Braudel : A French historian whose work made the longue durée central to Annales historiography. Braudel’s account of the Mediterranean became the movement’s most influential model.
The Mediterranean and the Mediterranean World in the Age of Philip II : Fernand Braudel’s study of Mediterranean environments, economies, and politics in the sixteenth century. It demonstrates how geography, social rhythms, and political events can be analyzed together.
Political history : The study of political institutions, power, leaders, and public events across time. Annales historians challenged political history when it treated events as history’s main substance.
Total history : An approach that integrates social, economic, cultural, political, and environmental dimensions of the past. Annales historians sought to connect domains often studied separately.
Marc Bloch : A French medieval historian and co-founder of the Annales journal. Bloch helped establish the movement’s collaborative, comparative approach to history.
Emmanuel Le Roy Ladurie : A French historian known for using climate, demography, and local records to study the past. His work extended Annales methods to environmental and village history.
Montaillou : Emmanuel Le Roy Ladurie’s microhistory of a fourteenth-century village in the French Pyrenees. Inquisitorial records reveal village life through an Annales-inspired social history.
Event history : Historical writing organized primarily around discrete events and short-term change. The school contrasted event-centered narratives with analysis of slower structures.
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