Anode

An anode is the electrode at which oxidation occurs in an electrochemical cell. Its charge depends on whether the cell is galvanic or electrolytic.

Oxidation: A chemical process in which a substance loses electrons or increases its oxidation state. It is the defining reaction at an anode.
Cathode: The electrode at which reduction occurs in an electrochemical cell. Oxidation defines the anode; reduction defines its paired cathode.
Lithium-ion battery: A rechargeable battery that stores and releases energy through lithium-ion movement between electrodes. During discharge, oxidation at its anode supplies electrons to the circuit.
Redox reaction: A chemical reaction involving transfer of electrons between substances, with oxidation and reduction occurring together. Anodic oxidation is one half of a coupled redox reaction.
William Whewell: An English scientist and historian who coined scientific terminology, including “anode” and “cathode.” Whewell introduced the term “anode” in correspondence with Michael Faraday.
Electrons: Negatively charged elementary particles found in atoms and flowing through electrical conductors. Electrons released by oxidation leave the anode through the external circuit.
Galvanic cell: An electrochemical cell that uses a spontaneous redox reaction to produce electrical energy. Its anode is negative because oxidation supplies electrons to the external circuit.
Sacrificial anode: A more reactive metal attached to a structure so it oxidizes preferentially and limits corrosion of that structure. It uses anodic oxidation to protect ships, pipelines, and other metal structures.
Half-reaction: A representation of the oxidation or reduction component of a redox reaction, including electrons. The anode’s chemistry is written as the oxidation half-reaction.
Michael Faraday: An English physicist and chemist whose experiments established foundational principles of electromagnetism and electrochemistry. Faraday adopted Whewell’s terminology while developing a systematic account of electrolysis.

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