Anoxia

Anoxia is a condition in which water or tissue contains no available oxygen. It is the extreme end of oxygen deprivation, distinct from hypoxia, in which oxygen is reduced but not absent.

Hypoxia: A condition in which oxygen availability is below the level needed to meet biological demand. Unlike anoxia, hypoxia allows some oxygen to remain.
Dead zone (ecology): An area of water with oxygen levels too low to support most aquatic life. Many coastal dead zones become anoxic after oxygen-consuming decomposition.
ATP: A molecule that stores and transfers usable energy within cells. When oxygen-dependent energy production stops, cells struggle to maintain ATP supplies.
Normoxia: A condition in which oxygen availability is within the normal range for a particular organism or tissue. Normoxia provides the oxygenated baseline opposite to anoxia.
Cellular respiration: The process by which cells use chemical reactions to harvest energy from nutrients. Respiration consumes oxygen in many tissues and aquatic environments.
Anoxic event: A period when a large body of water becomes severely depleted of dissolved oxygen. Geological anoxic events record widespread oxygen loss in ancient oceans.
Lactic acidosis: A condition in which lactate accumulation accompanies an abnormally low blood pH. Oxygen-deprived tissues can rely more heavily on lactate-producing metabolism.
Anaerobic respiration: Energy generation that uses an electron acceptor other than oxygen. It differs from anoxia itself: it is a metabolic strategy that can function without oxygen.
Diffusion: The net movement of particles from regions of higher concentration to lower concentration. Oxygen diffusion can fail to replace what tissues or organisms consume.
Ischemia: Inadequate blood flow to a tissue or organ, limiting its oxygen and nutrient supply. Severe ischemia can leave affected tissue anoxic.

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