Antarctic toothfish

Antarctic toothfish (Dissostichus mawsoni) is a large predatory fish of the Southern Ocean, adapted to frigid Antarctic waters and capable of living at great depths.

Notothenioidei: A suborder of mostly Antarctic fishes that includes toothfishes and several groups adapted to cold Southern Ocean waters. Antarctic toothfish belongs to this radiation of fishes, whose adaptations shaped its evolutionary setting.
Antifreeze protein: A protein that binds to ice crystals and limits their growth in organisms exposed to freezing conditions. These proteins are part of the biochemical defenses that let Antarctic fishes function below zero Celsius.
Patagonian toothfish: A large Southern Ocean and subantarctic fish, Dissostichus eleginoides, closely related to Antarctic toothfish. Its commercially valuable fishery is often discussed alongside, but is distinct from, the Antarctic toothfish fishery.
Weddell seal: A large Antarctic seal that lives around the continent and dives beneath sea ice to forage. Weddell seals prey on toothfish, linking the fish to Antarctic marine mammals.
Ross Sea: A deep embayment of the Southern Ocean bordered by Antarctica and containing a broad continental shelf. The Ross Sea supports a major Antarctic toothfish fishery and extensive research on its ecology.
Antifreeze glycoprotein: A protein-carbohydrate molecule that inhibits ice-crystal growth in the body fluids of some polar fishes. Antifreeze compounds help Antarctic fishes resist freezing in near-freezing seawater.
Buoyancy: The upward force exerted by a fluid on an immersed object, opposing its weight. Toothfish alter buoyancy as they move between deep water and shallower feeding grounds.
Commission for the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources: An international commission established by the 1980 Convention on the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources. CCAMLR sets conservation and fishery rules for toothfish in its convention area.
Emperor penguin: The largest living penguin species, breeding on Antarctic sea ice and foraging in surrounding waters. Toothfish are among the prey recorded in emperor penguin diets.
Ross Sea region marine protected area: A large marine protected area established by CCAMLR in the Ross Sea region in 2016. Its restrictions protect habitat and limit fishing across part of the toothfish's range.

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