Antarctic

The region surrounding Earth’s South Pole, including the continent of Antarctica and the surrounding Southern Ocean. Its boundaries vary by geographic, climatic, and political definition.

Antarctica: Earth’s southernmost continent, almost entirely covered by ice. The continent forms the largest landmass within the Antarctic region.
Antarctic Circumpolar Current: A powerful eastward ocean current flowing around Antarctica, connecting the Atlantic, Indian, and Pacific oceans. It encircles the region and helps isolate its waters from warmer subtropical oceans.
Antarctic research station: A staffed or automated facility supporting scientific research in Antarctica or on nearby islands. Stations provide the infrastructure for year-round and seasonal research across the region.
Antarctic ice sheet: A vast mass of glacial ice covering most of Antarctica and storing a major share of Earth’s freshwater. Its gains and losses affect global sea level and the region’s topography.
Roald Amundsen: Norwegian polar explorer who led the first confirmed expedition to reach the South Pole in December 1911. His expedition marked a defining milestone in the exploration of the Antarctic interior.
Southern Ocean: The ocean surrounding Antarctica, commonly defined as waters south of 60°S. Its waters surround the continent and connect the region’s marine environments.
Antarctic sea ice: Sea ice that forms seasonally on the ocean surrounding Antarctica and retreats during austral summer. Its strong seasonal expansion and retreat alter the region’s reflectivity and marine habitat.
Antarctic krill fishery: A commercial fishery harvesting Antarctic krill, a small crustacean central to Southern Ocean food webs. It is a major regulated extractive activity in Antarctic waters.
Antarctic Bottom Water: Cold, dense water formed near Antarctica that sinks and spreads through the deep ocean. Its formation links Antarctic processes to global deep-ocean circulation.
Robert Falcon Scott: British naval officer and Antarctic explorer who led the Terra Nova Expedition to the South Pole in 1911–1912. His expedition helped shape public memory of early Antarctic exploration.

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ArcticCompared with: It is Earth's opposite polar region, with a continent rather than an ocean at its center.