Anthropocentrism

Anthropocentrism places humans at the center of reality or moral concern, treating human interests as uniquely important or as the primary measure of value.

Human exceptionalism: The belief that humans possess distinctive capacities or status that set them apart from other living beings. It gives a strong form of anthropocentrism its claim of human superiority.
Ecocentrism: An environmental ethic that gives moral significance to ecological wholes, including species and ecosystems. It shifts attention from human welfare to the integrity of ecological communities.
Protagoras: A fifth-century BCE Greek sophist associated with the claim that humans are the measure of all things. His famous formula is an early expression of human-centered ways of judging reality.
Conservation biology: The scientific study of biodiversity and the protection and recovery of species and ecosystems. Its goals can be framed around human benefits or nature’s value beyond them.
Human–wildlife conflict: Interactions between people and wildlife that cause harm or perceived costs to humans, animals, or property. Its framing can treat wildlife primarily as a problem for human interests.
Speciesism: Discrimination that assigns different moral consideration to beings based on their species. It applies human-centered preference to the treatment of nonhuman animals.
Animal ethics: The study of moral questions about human treatment of nonhuman animals. It tests whether species membership can justify giving animals less consideration.
Aristotle: An ancient Greek philosopher whose writings shaped Western thought on nature, politics, and ethics. His hierarchical account of living beings has often supported human-centered interpretations of nature.
Ecosystem services: Benefits people obtain from ecosystems, including food, water regulation, and cultural value. The concept makes nature legible through benefits to humans, while informing conservation decisions.
Colonialism: The practice of establishing and maintaining political control over another people or territory. Human-centered hierarchies have sometimes been extended to rank peoples and justify domination.

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