Anthroposophy

Anthroposophy is a spiritual philosophy founded by Rudolf Steiner that seeks knowledge of spiritual realities through disciplined inner development and applies this outlook to education, agriculture, medicine, and the arts.

Rudolf Steiner: Rudolf Steiner was an Austrian philosopher and esotericist who founded anthroposophy and developed its teachings. His lectures and writings established anthroposophy’s doctrines and practical initiatives.
Waldorf education: Waldorf education is a school approach founded by Steiner that organizes teaching around stages of child development. It applies anthroposophic ideas about development, imagination, and learning to classroom practice.
German Theosophical Society: The German Section of the Theosophical Society was a German-speaking branch led by Steiner from 1902 until 1913. Steiner’s leadership there preceded his departure and the organization of anthroposophy as a distinct movement.
Theosophical Society: The Theosophical Society is an international organization founded in 1875 to promote comparative religion, philosophy, and occult study. Steiner’s movement emerged from a society whose leadership and doctrines he later rejected.
Theosophy: Theosophy is a modern esoteric movement that presents spiritual evolution and hidden wisdom as sources of knowledge. Steiner led the German Theosophical Society before separating from it to form anthroposophy.
Biodynamic agriculture: Biodynamic agriculture is a farming system that treats a farm as an ecological whole and uses preparations developed by Steiner. It translates anthroposophy’s spiritual view of nature into agricultural methods.
Anthroposophical Society: The Anthroposophical Society is the membership organization Steiner founded to support the study and practice of anthroposophy. Its institutional history shows how Steiner’s teachings became an organized international movement.
Scientific skepticism: Scientific skepticism evaluates claims through testable evidence, critical inquiry, and revision in light of results. Anthroposophy’s spiritual knowledge claims are not generally established by publicly reproducible scientific evidence.
Spiritual science: Spiritual science is the name Steiner gave to systematic inquiry into spiritual realities through developed human faculties. It captures anthroposophy’s claim that inner training can yield disciplined spiritual knowledge.
Anthroposophic medicine: Anthroposophic medicine is a complementary medical approach that combines conventional care with Steiner’s account of human beings. It extends anthroposophy into clinical practice, though its added treatments lack strong evidence for many claims.

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