Anti-fascism

Anti-fascism is a political movement and set of beliefs opposing fascism, its authoritarian nationalism, and efforts to establish fascist rule.

Arditi del Popolo: An Italian anti-fascist organization founded in 1921 to resist Fascist violence and defend working-class communities. Its armed resistance was an early organized response to Italian Fascist squad violence.
Fascism: A revolutionary ultranationalist ideology that seeks national rebirth through authoritarian leadership, mass mobilization, and political violence. Anti-fascism takes its name and central opposition from this political tradition.
Clara Zetkin: A German socialist politician who warned of fascism's rise and advocated a united working-class response. Her 1923 call for a united front helped frame organized resistance to fascism.
Popular front: A political alliance of left-wing parties and groups formed to oppose fascism and defend democratic institutions. Popular fronts turned anti-fascism into electoral and coalition strategy.
Liberalism: A political tradition emphasizing individual rights, constitutional government, and limits on state power. Liberal anti-fascism often defends pluralist institutions, unlike revolutionary anti-fascist traditions.
German resistance to Nazism: The diverse efforts by individuals and groups in Germany to oppose the Nazi regime. It shows how opposition developed under a fascist dictatorship, despite severe repression.
Authoritarianism: A political system or outlook that concentrates power and restricts political competition and civil liberties. Anti-fascists resist the concentration of power associated with fascist rule.
Antonio Gramsci: An Italian Marxist theorist and politician imprisoned by Mussolini's regime. His analysis of fascism and political power influenced later left-wing opposition.
Trade union: An organization that represents workers in negotiations over pay, conditions, and workplace rights. Unions have organized collective resistance to fascist movements and their attacks on labor.
Communism: A political tradition seeking a classless society and common ownership of productive resources. Communists have been influential in anti-fascist movements, but anti-fascism includes noncommunist currents.

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