Antigonus I Monophthalmus

A Macedonian general under Alexander the Great, Antigonus I became a leading successor ruler and founded the Antigonid dynasty. He claimed the title of king in 306 BCE and was killed at Ipsus in 301 BCE.

Alexander the Great: King of Macedon who conquered the Persian Empire and created a vast realm before his death in 323 BCE. Antigonus served Alexander and gained his first major command during the conquest.
Wars of the Diadochi: A series of conflicts among Alexander’s successors over control of his empire after 323 BCE. Antigonus’s expansion and defeat formed a central arc of these succession wars.
Antigonus the One-Eyed: The common English rendering of Antigonus Monophthalmus, meaning Antigonus the One-Eyed. The epithet distinguishes this ruler from other ancient figures named Antigonus.
Antigonid dynasty: A Hellenistic royal house founded by Antigonus I and established in Macedon by his descendants. The dynasty’s later rule in Macedon fulfilled the political legacy of Antigonus’s family.
Demetrius I Poliorcetes: Antigonus’s son, a military commander and Hellenistic king known for sieges and shifting alliances. His campaigns and kingship continued his father’s struggle to reunite Alexander’s empire.
Battle of Ipsus: A decisive battle in 301 BCE in which a coalition defeated Antigonus and Demetrius in Phrygia. Antigonus was killed there, ending his bid to rule Alexander’s empire.
Philip II of Macedon: King of Macedon who expanded its power and transformed its army before Alexander’s reign. Antigonus’s career began within the Macedonian kingdom shaped by Philip and inherited by Alexander.
Kingdom of Macedon: An ancient kingdom in the northern Greek peninsula that became a major Hellenistic power. Antigonus’s descendants ultimately made Macedon the dynasty’s principal kingdom.
Cassander: A Macedonian ruler who became king and controlled Macedon and Greece after Alexander’s death. Cassander opposed Antigonus and helped form the coalition that defeated him at Ipsus.
Battle of Gaza (312 BCE): A battle in 312 BCE in which Ptolemy and Seleucus defeated Demetrius, Antigonus’s son. The defeat checked Antigonus’s power and helped trigger a temporary settlement among the Successors.

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