Antiochus III the Great

Antiochus III ruled the Seleucid Empire from 223 to 187 BCE, restoring much of its territory before defeat by Rome in the Roman–Seleucid War.

Molon: A Seleucid satrap who rebelled against Antiochus III early in the king’s reign. Defeating Molon helped Antiochus secure the empire’s eastern provinces.
Seleucus III Ceraunus: The Seleucid king who ruled from 225 to 223 BCE before being assassinated during a campaign in Anatolia. His death brought his younger brother Antiochus to the throne.
Hannibal: A Carthaginian general who fought Rome in the Second Punic War and later served Antiochus III. His presence at Antiochus’s court alarmed Rome, though his influence on strategy was limited.
Roman–Seleucid War: The conflict from 192 to 188 BCE between Rome and the Seleucid Empire, ending in Seleucid defeat. Antiochus’s invasion of Greece drew Rome into direct war with his kingdom.
Battle of Raphia: A 217 BCE battle in which Ptolemy IV defeated Antiochus III in Coele-Syria. The defeat halted Antiochus’s first attempt to take the region from Egypt.
Achaeus (Seleucid general): A Seleucid commander who became an independent ruler in Asia Minor during Antiochus III’s reign. His revolt exposed the weakness Antiochus faced at the start of his rule.
Scipio Asiaticus: The Roman commander who led the army that defeated Antiochus III at Magnesia. His victory imposed Rome’s terms on Antiochus in Asia Minor.
Aetolian League: A Greek federal alliance that opposed Macedonian and Roman influence and invited Antiochus III into Greece. Its appeal helped set the stage for Antiochus’s confrontation with Rome.
Anabasis of Antiochus III: Antiochus III’s eastern campaign, conducted mainly between 212 and 205 BCE. The campaign restored Seleucid authority across much of the empire’s eastern territory.
Seleucus II Callinicus: A Seleucid king who ruled from 246 to 225 BCE and was Antiochus III’s father. His reign left Antiochus a kingdom weakened by territorial losses and dynastic conflict.

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