Antiproton

The antiproton is the proton’s antimatter counterpart, with the same mass and opposite electric charge and baryon number. It is composed of two anti-up quarks and one anti-down quark.

Antiquark: An antiquark is the antiparticle of a quark, carrying opposite electric charge and other additive quantum numbers. Two anti-up quarks and one anti-down quark make an antiproton.
Antiproton Decelerator: The Antiproton Decelerator is a CERN facility that slows antiprotons for low-energy experiments. It supplies antiprotons for precision studies and antihydrogen production.
Emilio Segrè: Emilio Segrè was an Italian-American physicist who shared the 1959 Nobel Prize for discovering the antiproton. He co-led the Berkeley experiment that first identified antiprotons.
Quark: A quark is an elementary particle that combines with other quarks to form hadrons. The antiproton’s three constituents are antiquarks, not elementary particles of their own kind.
Antiproton trapping: Antiproton trapping confines charged antiprotons using electromagnetic fields in a vacuum. Trapping lets experiments study individual antiprotons without immediate contact with ordinary matter.
Baryon number: Baryon number is a conserved quantum number that distinguishes baryons from antibaryons. The antiproton has baryon number −1, opposite to the proton’s +1.
BASE experiment: BASE is a CERN experiment that traps antiprotons to measure their properties with high precision. Its measurements compare antiproton and proton properties to test fundamental symmetries.
Owen Chamberlain: Owen Chamberlain was an American physicist who shared the 1959 Nobel Prize for discovering the antiproton. He co-led the experiment that confirmed antiprotons through their tracks and annihilations.
Proton structure: Proton structure describes the quarks, gluons, and dynamic interactions inside a proton. Replacing its valence quarks with antiquarks gives the antiproton’s basic composition.
Antiprotons in cosmic rays: Antiprotons in cosmic rays are antiprotons detected among high-energy particles arriving from space. Their abundance can probe cosmic-ray collisions and possible sources of antimatter.

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