Anton Mussert

Anton Mussert (1894–1946) was a Dutch engineer and politician who founded and led the National Socialist Movement in the Netherlands and collaborated with Nazi Germany during World War II.

Hendrik Seyffardt: A Dutch general who became a prominent figure in the National Socialist Movement and was assassinated by the Dutch resistance in 1943. Mussert promoted Seyffardt as a Dutch leader for the Waffen-SS, but German authorities retained control.
National Socialist Movement in the Netherlands: A Dutch fascist and later Nazi-aligned political party founded by Anton Mussert in 1931. Mussert created the party and remained its leader throughout the occupation.
German occupation of the Netherlands: Nazi Germany’s military and political rule over the Netherlands from May 1940 to May 1945. The occupation transformed Mussert’s party from an opposition movement into a collaborator organization.
Liberation of the Netherlands: The end of German occupation in the Netherlands in 1945, achieved by Allied forces and Dutch resistance efforts. Liberation ended Mussert’s political project and led to his arrest.
Arthur Seyss-Inquart: An Austrian Nazi politician who served as Reich Commissioner of the occupied Netherlands from 1940 to 1945. Seyss-Inquart governed the occupied country and repeatedly denied Mussert the power he sought.
Dutch fascism: Authoritarian nationalist politics in the Netherlands, expressed in movements that rejected liberal democracy and socialism. Mussert’s party was the largest Dutch fascist movement, though its electoral support remained limited.
Reichskommissariat Niederlande: The German civilian administration established in the occupied Netherlands under Reich Commissioner Arthur Seyss-Inquart. This administration, not Mussert’s movement, held actual governing authority.
Treason: The betrayal of a state through actions such as aiding an enemy during wartime. A Dutch court convicted Mussert of high treason for his collaboration with the German occupiers.
Meinoud Rost van Tonningen: A Dutch Nazi politician who led the National Socialist Movement’s more radical wing and favored closer alignment with Germany. Rost van Tonningen challenged Mussert’s leadership from within the movement’s more explicitly pro-German faction.
Fascism: A revolutionary ultranationalist political ideology advocating dictatorial leadership, mass mobilization, and the subordination of individuals to the nation. Mussert adapted fascist politics to Dutch nationalism before his movement aligned closely with Nazism.

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German invasion of the NetherlandsRelated: His movement sought political influence under German occupation after the invasion.