Antonio Negri

Antonio Negri was an Italian Marxist philosopher and political theorist whose work developed autonomist Marxism and analyzed empire, globalization, and the multitude.

Autonomism: A Marxist current that emphasizes workers’ autonomy from capitalist control and established political organizations. Negri’s early politics and theory emerged from Italy’s autonomist movement.
Empire (book): A 2000 book by Michael Hardt and Antonio Negri arguing that global sovereignty has become a decentralized imperial network. This collaboration made Negri’s account of global power widely influential.
Michael Hardt: An American political philosopher who coauthored major books with Antonio Negri on empire, the multitude, and the common. Hardt’s collaboration gave Negri’s later theory its most widely read form.
Italian autonomism: A postwar Italian Marxist movement centered on workers’ autonomy, workplace conflict, and forms of self-organization. Negri became one of its prominent theorists and participants.
Nation-state: A political organization claiming sovereign authority over a population and territory identified as a nation. Negri argues that global sovereignty exceeds the traditional boundaries of nation-states.
Operaismo: An Italian Marxist movement that centered workers’ struggles and treated them as drivers of capitalist development. Workerism supplied Negri’s early framework for analyzing class struggle.
Multitude (book): A 2004 book by Michael Hardt and Antonio Negri proposing the multitude as a plural subject of political resistance. It develops their proposed alternative to unified class and national identities.
Mario Tronti: An Italian Marxist philosopher and politician associated with operaismo and the journal Quaderni Rossi. Tronti’s workerist writings helped establish the intellectual milieu Negri entered.
Autonomia Operaia: A decentralized Italian radical movement of the 1970s associated with worker autonomy and opposition to wage labor. Negri’s political activity was closely associated with this movement.
Imperialism: A system in which a state extends political, economic, or military power over other territories and peoples. Negri distinguishes contemporary Empire from imperialism centered on rival nation-states.

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Félix GuattariRelated: Guattari’s political thought intersected with Negri’s analyses of collective power and capitalist production.