Apolinario Mabini

Apolinario Mabini was a Filipino intellectual and statesman who advised the revolutionary government and defended Philippine independence. He helped shape the First Philippine Republic’s political program and served as its prime minister.

Emilio Aguinaldo: A Filipino revolutionary leader who became the first president of the First Philippine Republic. Aguinaldo appointed Mabini to lead his cabinet and relied on his political counsel.
True Decalogue: Mabini’s ten-part ethical guide for Filipinos, written during the Philippine Revolution. It expressed the civic duties he believed a free nation required.
Tanauan, Batangas: A municipality in Batangas, Philippines, where Mabini was born in 1864. His upbringing there preceded his legal and political career.
Philippine–American War: The armed conflict between the First Philippine Republic and the United States from 1899 to 1902. Mabini opposed American annexation and continued resistance after war began.
Andrés Bonifacio: A Filipino revolutionary who founded the Katipunan, a secret society that fought Spanish rule. Bonifacio’s revolt preceded the government Mabini later advised.
Constitution of Biak-na-Bato: The 1897 constitution of the revolutionary Republic of Biak-na-Bato, established during the Philippine Revolution. Its limited revolutionary framework preceded the republican institutions Mabini later helped shape.
University of Santo Tomas: A Catholic university in Manila founded in 1611. Mabini studied law there before entering public life.
Treaty of Paris (1898): The treaty that ended the Spanish–American War and transferred the Philippines from Spain to the United States. The transfer made Filipino independence contested rather than internationally secured.
José Rizal: A Filipino writer and reform advocate whose novels and essays challenged Spanish colonial rule. Rizal’s reformist nationalism formed an earlier intellectual strand of the independence movement.
Malolos Constitution: The constitution adopted in 1899 for the First Philippine Republic. It established the republic whose independence and government Mabini served.

Linked from 9 pages