Apollo 13

Apollo 13 was NASA’s third crewed lunar-landing mission, launched in April 1970. An oxygen-tank explosion forced its crew to abandon the landing and improvise a safe return to Earth.

Apollo 13 oxygen tank explosion: The rupture of an oxygen tank in Apollo 13’s service module, which crippled the spacecraft’s electrical power and life-support supplies. This failure triggered the mission’s abort and the chain of emergency procedures.
Jim Lovell: An American astronaut who commanded Apollo 13 and previously flew on Gemini 7, Gemini 12, and Apollo 8. He led the crew through the abort, lunar flyby, and return.
Apollo program: NASA’s human spaceflight program that landed astronauts on the Moon and returned them safely to Earth. Apollo 13 was one mission in this broader effort to achieve crewed lunar exploration.
Apollo 13 mission report: NASA’s technical investigation of Apollo 13’s accident, spacecraft performance, and mission operations. It documented the failure and recommendations that informed later Apollo missions.
Apollo Lunar Module: The spacecraft designed to carry astronauts between lunar orbit and the Moon’s surface. Its supplies and systems became a lifeboat after the command and service module was damaged.
Jack Swigert: An American astronaut who piloted the Apollo 13 command module. His report of the explosion began the mission’s emergency response.
Apollo 13 launch: The April 11, 1970 launch of the Apollo 13 Saturn V from Kennedy Space Center. The mission began as a planned lunar landing before the in-flight emergency.
Apollo 14: NASA’s 1971 crewed lunar mission, which landed astronauts near the Fra Mauro highlands. It completed the landing objective Apollo 13 had been unable to attempt.
Apollo Guidance Computer: A digital computer that guided and controlled Apollo spacecraft through flight programs and astronaut commands. Its limited power and restart procedures mattered during the return trajectory.
Fred Haise: An American astronaut and lunar module pilot on Apollo 13. He helped operate the lunar module as the crew’s temporary habitat and return craft.

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