Apollo Guidance Computer

The Apollo Guidance Computer was a digital computer installed in Apollo spacecraft. It ran guidance, navigation, and control software for missions to the Moon.

Apollo Guidance Computer architecture: The AGC's hardware organization, including its processor, memory, input-output channels, and interfaces. Its architecture explains how a small computer handled several time-critical spacecraft tasks.
MIT Instrumentation Laboratory: An MIT research laboratory that developed navigation and guidance systems for spacecraft and other applications. The laboratory designed the AGC and developed its navigation software.
Apollo Command/Service Module: The Apollo spacecraft that carried the crew to lunar orbit and returned them to Earth. Its AGC computed guidance and navigation for Earth–Moon flight and lunar-orbit operations.
Apollo 11: The 1969 Apollo mission that first landed humans on the Moon. Its lunar landing relied on AGC guidance despite computer alarms and high workload.
Integrated-circuit technology in the Apollo Guidance Computer: The use of silicon integrated circuits in the AGC's logic and memory systems. Apollo's procurement helped establish integrated circuits as dependable components for demanding systems.
Apollo Guidance Computer instruction set: The machine-language operations available to programs running on the Apollo Guidance Computer. These operations shaped how guidance and display routines were implemented.
Charles Stark Draper: An American engineer who founded MIT's Instrumentation Laboratory and advanced inertial navigation. Draper led the laboratory responsible for Apollo's onboard guidance system.
Apollo Lunar Module: The Apollo spacecraft that carried astronauts from lunar orbit to the Moon's surface and back. A separate AGC guided the Lunar Module's descent, ascent, and rendezvous.
Apollo 11 lunar landing: The descent of Apollo 11's Lunar Module to the Moon on July 20, 1969. The AGC helped guide the final approach while the crew assessed landing-site hazards.
Core rope memory: A nonvolatile computer memory made by weaving wires through or around magnetic cores. The AGC's fixed programs were stored in core rope memory.

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