Aqidah

Aqidah is the body of Islamic beliefs concerning God, prophethood, revelation, the unseen, and the foundations of faith. Its formulations differ across theological traditions and schools.

Tawhid: The Islamic doctrine of God's oneness and uniqueness. It is the central claim about God underlying Islamic belief.
Ash'arism: A Sunni theological school associated with Abu al-Hasan al-Ash'ari. It offers one influential account of divine attributes, causation, and human action.
Islamic theology: The systematic study and interpretation of Islamic beliefs and doctrines. Aqidah is the body of beliefs that this broader discipline examines.
Iman: Faith or belief in Islam, often understood through inward conviction, speech, and action. Aqidah specifies the beliefs that iman includes.
Prophethood in Islam: The Islamic doctrine that God guides humanity through prophets and messengers. It explains how divine guidance reaches people.
Maturidism: A Sunni theological school associated with Abu Mansur al-Maturidi. Its positions often parallel Ash'arism while differing on reason and human responsibility.
Islamic creed: A concise statement of doctrines regarded as foundational in Islam. Creeds give aqidah a memorable, teachable form.
Shahada: The Islamic testimony that there is no god but God and Muhammad is God's messenger. Its two declarations express foundational beliefs in compressed form.
Revelation in Islam: The communication of divine guidance to prophets in Islamic belief. It grounds belief in revealed scripture and divine instruction.
Athari theology: A Sunni theological approach emphasizing transmitted texts and rejecting speculative interpretation of divine attributes. It represents a text-centered approach to questions other schools analyze dialectically.

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