Arab Revolt

The Arab Revolt was an uprising against Ottoman rule in the Hejaz and surrounding regions from 1916 to 1918, launched during the First World War with British support.

Hejaz Railway: An Ottoman railway linking Damascus with Medina, built to support pilgrimage and imperial control. Rebel attacks on the railway disrupted Ottoman supply and communications in the Hejaz.
Sharif Hussein bin Ali: The Hashemite emir of Mecca who led the revolt against Ottoman rule. He proclaimed the uprising in June 1916 and sought an independent Arab kingdom.
Faisal I of Iraq: A son of Sharif Hussein who commanded Arab forces and later became king of Iraq. He led the revolt’s northern campaign and became its principal political representative.
Kingdom of Hejaz: A Hashemite kingdom established in the Hejaz after the Ottoman Empire’s defeat in 1918. It became the postwar state ruled by Sharif Hussein, though it did not encompass the promised Arab kingdom.
Battle of Aqaba: The July 1917 capture of Aqaba by Arab forces advancing across the desert. The victory opened a port for British support and strengthened the revolt’s northern advance.
Hussein–McMahon Correspondence: A 1915–1916 exchange of letters between Sharif Hussein and British official Henry McMahon about Arab independence. Its disputed boundaries and promises shaped Hashemite expectations of British support.
Abdullah I of Jordan: A son of Sharif Hussein who led forces in the revolt and later became emir of Transjordan. His forces operated in the Hejaz and helped sustain Hashemite leadership.
San Remo Conference: The 1920 Allied conference that assigned League of Nations mandates over former Ottoman territories. Its mandate arrangements formalized a postwar settlement that fell short of Arab independence claims.
Arab Army: The forces raised by Sharif Hussein and his sons to fight Ottoman rule during the First World War. Its tribal and regional forces carried out the revolt’s raids and advances.
Young Turk Revolution: The 1908 revolution that restored constitutional government in the Ottoman Empire and brought the Committee of Union and Progress to power. Its centralizing politics intensified tensions between Ottoman authorities and some Arab leaders.

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