Arctic char

Arctic char is a cold-water salmonid native to Arctic and subarctic waters. It occurs in freshwater, coastal seas, and populations that move between them.

Salmonidae: Salmonidae is the fish family that includes salmon, trout, and chars. Arctic char belongs to this family, alongside salmon and trout.
Smoltification: Smoltification is the physiological transformation that prepares juvenile salmonids for life in seawater. It enables sea-migrating Arctic char to tolerate salt water.
Landlocked Arctic char: Landlocked Arctic char are populations that spend their lives in freshwater and do not migrate to the sea. They show that marine migration is not required for the species' life cycle.
Arctic char aquaculture: Arctic char aquaculture is the farming of the species for food, chiefly in land-based systems. Its tolerance of cold water makes it suitable for specialized fish farming.
Anadromy: Anadromy is a life history in which fish grow in the sea and migrate to freshwater to reproduce. Some Arctic char populations feed at sea and return to freshwater to spawn.
Fish migration: Fish migration is the regular movement of fish between habitats during their life cycle. Arctic char migrations connect feeding grounds in the sea with freshwater spawning sites.
Dwarf Arctic char: Dwarf Arctic char are small-bodied forms found in some lakes, often alongside larger char. Their small size can accompany specialization on different prey or habitats.
Subsistence fishing: Subsistence fishing is harvesting fish primarily to provide food for the fisher and community. Arctic char remains an important traditional food in many northern communities.
Holobiont: A holobiont is an organism together with the microorganisms that live in and on it. Gut microbes are among the biological associates studied in Arctic char.
Spawning: Spawning is the release of eggs and sperm by aquatic animals for reproduction. Arctic char typically reproduce in freshwater, often in lakes or streams.

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