Ardashir I

Ardashir I founded the Sasanian Empire and ruled as its first shah from 224 to 242. His victory over the Parthian king Artabanus IV established a new Persian dynasty.

Sasanian Empire: The Persian empire ruled by the Sasanian dynasty from the third to seventh centuries. Ardashir founded this empire and established its first royal government.
Naqsh-e Rajab: An archaeological site near Persepolis containing Sasanian rock reliefs and inscriptions. Its investiture relief depicts Ardashir receiving kingship from Ahura Mazda.
Sasan: The ancestral figure from whom the Sasanian dynasty took its name. Ardashir’s dynasty invoked Sasan as its namesake and source of legitimacy.
Sasanian–Roman relations: The political and military relationship between the Sasanian Empire and the Roman Empire. Ardashir’s new empire inherited and intensified competition with Rome over frontier regions.
Parthian Empire: An Iranian empire ruled by the Arsacid dynasty before the Sasanian conquest. Ardashir’s victory over its last king ended Arsacid rule.
Naqsh-e Rostam: A necropolis near Persepolis with tombs and rock reliefs from several Iranian dynasties. Ardashir’s relief there presents his victory and divine investiture in stone.
Papak: A ruler of Persis and father of Shapur, associated with the rise of Ardashir’s family. Papak’s family controlled the Persian base from which Ardashir expanded.
Sasanian–Byzantine relations: The rivalry and diplomacy between the Sasanian Empire and the Eastern Roman, or Byzantine, Empire. This later form of the Roman rivalry endured for centuries after Ardashir.
Artabanus IV: The last Parthian king, defeated by Ardashir I at the Battle of Hormozdgan. His defeat in 224 cleared the way for Ardashir’s imperial claim.
Sasanian rock reliefs: Monumental carvings made by Sasanian rulers to commemorate victories, investitures, and royal authority. Ardashir used this visual tradition to make his new sovereignty publicly legible.

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