Argentine Confederation

The Argentine Confederation was a union of largely autonomous Argentine provinces that governed much of the country from 1831 to 1861, amid conflict over federalism and Buenos Aires.

Pact of the Federal: A 1831 treaty among several Argentine provinces that established a defensive alliance and laid groundwork for a federal union. It supplied the confederation’s initial agreement among provinces.
May Revolution: The 1810 revolution in Buenos Aires that began the end of Spanish rule in the Río de la Plata. It began the political fragmentation that later confederal agreements sought to address.
Justo José de Urquiza: An Argentine provincial leader who defeated Rosas, became the Confederation’s first constitutional president, and led its forces at Pavón. He built the post-Rosas confederation and defended it against Buenos Aires.
State of Buenos Aires: A sovereign state that existed from 1852 to 1861 after Buenos Aires separated from the Argentine Confederation. Its independence embodied the confederation’s central dispute over Buenos Aires’s place and resources.
Federal Constitution of Argentina: Argentina’s 1853 constitution established a federal republic, initially without Buenos Aires as a member. It gave the confederation a constitutional framework after the separation of Buenos Aires.
United Provinces of the Río de la Plata: A revolutionary political entity formed in 1810 from former Spanish territories around the Río de la Plata. Its unresolved division of authority preceded the confederation.
Bartolomé Mitre: An Argentine statesman and military leader who headed Buenos Aires and later became president of a reunified Argentina. He led Buenos Aires’s resistance to confederation rule and its victory at Pavón.
Unitarian Party: A nineteenth-century Argentine political faction that favored a centralized national government. Its centralizing program opposed the provincial autonomy the confederation claimed to protect.
Argentine customs revenue: Revenue collected on imports and exports through Argentine ports, especially the customs house of Buenos Aires. Control of customs receipts fueled the dispute between Buenos Aires and the other provinces.
Dissolution of the United Provinces of the Río de la Plata: The breakdown of central authority in the United Provinces after the Battle of Cepeda in 1820. Its aftermath left the provinces governing separately before the confederation took shape.

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