Argentine Constitution of 1853

Argentina’s foundational national constitution, adopted in 1853 and amended repeatedly. It established a federal republic and remains the basis of Argentina’s constitutional order.

Federalism in Argentina: Argentina’s system divides governing authority between the national government and its provinces. The constitution’s central settlement distributed powers between the nation and provincial governments.
Argentine Civil Wars: A series of armed conflicts over political authority and national organization in nineteenth-century Argentina. Decades of conflict over centralism and provincial autonomy created pressure for constitutional settlement.
Congress of the Argentine Nation: Argentina’s bicameral national legislature, consisting of the Senate and Chamber of Deputies. The constitution established Congress to legislate for the nation and represent provinces and population.
Argentine Constitution of 1860: The revised Argentine constitution accepted after Buenos Aires rejoined the national federation. This revision incorporated Buenos Aires and reshaped the 1853 constitutional settlement.
Justo José de Urquiza: An Argentine provincial leader who defeated Rosas and became the first president of the Argentine Confederation. As the confederation’s president, he implemented the constitutional order adopted in 1853.
Separation of powers: A constitutional principle that divides government authority among distinct branches. The constitution assigns legislative, executive, and judicial authority to separate institutions.
Battle of Caseros: The 1852 battle in which Justo José de Urquiza defeated Juan Manuel de Rosas. Urquiza’s victory opened the political process that produced the 1853 constitution.
President of Argentina: The elected head of Argentina’s executive branch and head of state and government. The constitution created a strong, fixed-term national presidency.
Argentine Constitution of 1866: The 1866 amendment to Argentina’s constitution that continued national authority to tax exports. It addressed a consequential fiscal question within the constitutional framework.
Juan Manuel de Rosas: The governor of Buenos Aires who dominated Argentine politics and ruled through a centralized personalist regime. His defeat preceded the constitutional project that replaced his political order.

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