Arieh Warshel

Arieh Warshel is an Israeli-American biochemist who shared the 2013 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for developing multiscale models of complex chemical systems, especially enzyme reactions.

Michael Levitt: Michael Levitt is a biophysicist who shared the 2013 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for computational models of biological molecules. Levitt collaborated with Warshel on early simulations of biological molecules.
Empirical valence bond theory: Empirical valence bond theory models chemical reactions by combining molecular states whose energies are calibrated to experimental data. Warshel developed this framework to describe chemical reactions in complex environments.
Enzyme catalysis: Enzyme catalysis is the acceleration of chemical reactions by biological molecules, usually proteins, without net consumption of the catalyst. Explaining how enzymes accelerate reactions is a central application of Warshel’s models.
Weizmann Institute of Science: The Weizmann Institute of Science is a research university in Rehovot, Israel. Warshel conducted early computational chemistry research there with Shneior Lifson.
Computational chemistry: Computational chemistry uses mathematical models and computer calculations to investigate chemical structures, properties, and reactions. Warshel’s multiscale methods became a prominent part of this broader discipline.
Martin Karplus: Martin Karplus is a theoretical chemist who shared the 2013 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for multiscale models of chemical systems. Karplus independently developed computational methods recognized by the same Nobel Prize.
Quantum mechanics/molecular mechanics: Quantum mechanics/molecular mechanics methods treat a selected region quantum mechanically and its surroundings with classical molecular mechanics. This hybrid strategy captures bond changes while representing the larger enzyme economically.
Lysozyme: Lysozyme is an enzyme that cleaves bacterial cell-wall polysaccharides and is a classic subject of mechanistic study. Warshel used simulations of lysozyme to investigate the origins of enzymatic rate enhancement.
University of Southern California: The University of Southern California is a private research university in Los Angeles, California. Warshel has held a long-standing faculty position in its chemistry department.
Enzyme transition-state theory: Enzyme transition-state theory explains catalysis through stabilization of the high-energy transition state relative to the reactants. Warshel’s calculations made this explanation testable in detailed molecular environments.

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