Knowra Armenian nationalism Armenian nationalism Armenian nationalism promotes Armenian national identity and political self-determination, ranging from cultural revival to demands for an independent Armenian state.
Armenian National Awakening : A nineteenth-century revival of Armenian language, education, literature, and collective identity. It supplied the cultural foundations from which modern Armenian nationalism developed.
Armenian Revolutionary Federation : An Armenian political party founded in 1890 that pursued national rights and later governed the First Republic of Armenia. It became a major vehicle for organized Armenian nationalism and state-building.
Hamidian massacres : Massacres of Armenians in the Ottoman Empire from 1894 to 1896 during the reign of Sultan Abdul Hamid II. They intensified demands for Armenian protection and strengthened revolutionary organizing.
Civic nationalism : A form of nationalism that defines membership in a nation primarily through shared citizenship and political institutions. It contrasts with Armenian nationalisms that foreground ancestry, language, or historical continuity.
Armenian Apostolic Church : The Christian church that has shaped Armenian religious life and institutions since antiquity. Its schools, clergy, and communal networks helped preserve Armenian identity under imperial rule.
Social Democrat Hunchakian Party : An Armenian socialist political party founded in Geneva in 1887 to advance national liberation and social reform. It combined Armenian self-determination with revolutionary socialist politics.
Adana massacre : The 1909 mass killing of Armenians in the Ottoman city of Adana and surrounding areas. It exposed the vulnerability of Armenians even after the Young Turk revolution.
Ethnic nationalism : A form of nationalism that grounds national membership in shared ancestry, culture, language, or historical identity. It clarifies one influential basis of Armenian national identity without encompassing every Armenian political vision.
Mekhitarist Order : An Armenian Catholic monastic order founded in the early eighteenth century, known for scholarship and publishing. Its linguistic and historical scholarship contributed to the later revival of Armenian culture.
Armenakan Party : An Armenian political organization founded in Van in 1885 that advocated education, self-defense, and liberation. It was among the earliest Armenian parties to organize for political change in the Ottoman Empire.
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