Knowra Armor-piercing ammunition Armor-piercing ammunition Ammunition designed to defeat protective armor by concentrating impact energy or using materials and structures that resist deformation during penetration.
Kinetic energy penetrator : A projectile that defeats armor chiefly through the kinetic energy of a dense, high-speed impact. Long-rod penetrators illustrate how concentrated kinetic energy can defeat armor without an explosive charge.
Terminal ballistics : The study of projectile effects on targets, including penetration, deformation, and injury. Armor penetration is one specific problem within the broader study of impacts on targets.
Armor-piercing incendiary ammunition : Ammunition combining an armor-penetrating element with an incendiary compound intended to ignite material beyond the target surface. It adds an incendiary effect to penetration, rather than relying on penetration alone.
Body armor : Protective clothing or equipment designed to reduce injury from projectiles, fragments, or other impacts. Armor-piercing ammunition is designed to challenge the protection that body armor provides.
Shaped charge : An explosive charge that focuses a metal liner into a high-velocity jet capable of penetrating armor. Some armor-piercing warheads use this distinct explosive mechanism rather than a solid projectile's impact.
Brinell hardness test : A materials test that measures hardness by pressing a spherical indenter into a surface under a known load. Hardness measurements help characterize materials used in projectile cores and armor plates.
High-explosive anti-tank warhead : A warhead that uses a shaped charge to penetrate armored targets with a focused jet. It defeats armor through a focused explosive jet, unlike a conventional solid-core penetrator.
Tank armor : Protective structures on armored fighting vehicles, made from materials and arrangements intended to resist weapons. Penetrators and tank armor evolve in response to one another.
Depleted uranium : Uranium from which much of the fissile uranium-235 has been removed, leaving mostly uranium-238. Its density and deformation behavior make it a material used in some kinetic-energy penetrators.
Ductility : A material's ability to deform plastically before fracturing. Projectile cores and armor respond differently depending on their capacity to deform without breaking.
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