Arrhenius base

An Arrhenius base is a substance that increases hydroxide-ion concentration when dissolved in water, either by releasing hydroxide ions or forming them through reaction with water.

Hydroxide ion: A negatively charged ion composed of one oxygen atom and one hydrogen atom, with formula OH⁻. Arrhenius bases raise its concentration in aqueous solution.
Aqueous solution: A solution in which water is the solvent. The Arrhenius definition applies specifically to substances dissolved in water.
Arrhenius acid: A substance that increases hydrogen-ion concentration in water, often by forming hydronium ions. It is the acid counterpart in the same aqueous definition of acids and bases.
Acid–base titration: A quantitative method that determines an analyte’s concentration by reacting it with a solution of known concentration. A known Arrhenius base can measure the amount of acid in a sample.
Dissociation: The separation of a compound into smaller particles, such as ions, when it dissolves or reacts. Ionic bases such as sodium hydroxide dissociate to release hydroxide ions.
Electrolyte: A substance that produces mobile ions when dissolved in a solvent or melted, allowing electrical conduction. Many Arrhenius bases produce hydroxide ions as electrolytes in water.
Brønsted–Lowry base: A species that accepts a proton from another species. It includes proton acceptors that need not increase hydroxide concentration directly.
Saponification: The alkaline hydrolysis of fats or oils that produces soap and glycerol. Hydroxide from sodium or potassium bases drives this soap-making reaction.
Acid–base neutralization: A reaction between an acid and a base that reduces their characteristic acidic and basic properties. Hydroxide ions from the base combine with acidic hydrogen ions to form water.
pH: A logarithmic measure related to hydrogen-ion activity in a solution. Adding an Arrhenius base generally lowers hydrogen-ion activity and raises pH.

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