Artaxerxes II

Artaxerxes II was an Achaemenid king who ruled the Persian Empire from 404 to 358 BCE. His long reign was marked by dynastic conflict, revolts, and persistent Greek involvement in Persian affairs.

Darius II: An Achaemenid king who ruled Persia from 423 to 404 BCE and was Artaxerxes II’s father. His death in 404 BCE left the throne to Artaxerxes.
Achaemenid Empire: The ancient Persian empire founded by Cyrus the Great and ruled by the Achaemenid dynasty. Artaxerxes governed this empire through much of its western turmoil.
Statira: A Persian queen and wife of Artaxerxes II, whose court influence became a focus of dynastic rivalry. Her conflict with Parysatis intensified tensions within the royal household.
Corinthian War: A war fought from 395 to 387 BCE among Sparta, Athens, Thebes, Corinth, and their allies. Persian intervention helped end the war on terms favorable to Artaxerxes.
Cyrus the Younger: A Persian prince and military commander who rebelled against his brother Artaxerxes II. His challenge turned the succession into a major civil war.
Satrap: A provincial governor in several ancient Persian empires, responsible for administration and often military command. Satraps exercised regional power that the king had to control.
Parysatis: A Persian queen mother, wife of Darius II, and mother of Artaxerxes II and Cyrus the Younger. She supported Cyrus and remained a powerful figure after his defeat.
Peace of Antalcidas: The settlement of 387/386 BCE that ended the Corinthian War and established Persian claims over Greek cities in Asia Minor. It formalized the influence Artaxerxes gained through diplomacy.
Battle of Cunaxa: A battle fought near Babylon in 401 BCE between Artaxerxes II and the rebel army of Cyrus the Younger. Artaxerxes kept his throne despite Cyrus’s attack and death.
Tissaphernes: A Persian satrap and commander who played a leading role in the wars against Greek forces in Asia Minor. His shifting policy toward Greek cities reflected the king’s western strategy.

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