Arteriosclerosis

Arteriosclerosis is thickening and loss of elasticity in artery walls. It is an umbrella term that includes several distinct forms of arterial change.

Atherosclerosis: Atherosclerosis is a disease in which lipid-rich plaques build up within the walls of large and medium-sized arteries. It is the best-known form of arteriosclerosis and the one most closely linked to cardiovascular events.
Vascular remodeling: Vascular remodeling is a lasting change in blood-vessel structure in response to mechanical or biological conditions. It describes how arterial walls thicken or alter their structure over time.
Hypertension: Hypertension is persistently elevated blood pressure that increases strain on the heart and blood vessels. Long-term pressure can contribute to arterial wall thickening and can also worsen its consequences.
Arterial compliance: Arterial compliance is the change in arterial volume produced by a change in pressure. It describes the capacity that falls as arterial walls become less elastic.
Arteriolosclerosis: Arteriolosclerosis is thickening and hardening of small arteries and arterioles, often associated with hypertension or diabetes. It affects smaller vessels, unlike the large-artery plaques commonly meant by atherosclerosis.
Endothelial dysfunction: Endothelial dysfunction is impaired regulation of blood-vessel tone, inflammation, and clotting by the vessel’s inner lining. It can promote processes that damage arterial walls and encourage atherosclerotic plaque formation.
Diabetes mellitus: Diabetes mellitus is a group of disorders marked by chronic elevation of blood glucose. It accelerates vascular injury and is associated with small-vessel arteriolosclerosis.
Aneurysm: An aneurysm is a localized, abnormal dilation of a blood vessel caused by weakening of its wall. It is a different structural abnormality, though arterial wall disease can contribute to its formation.
Monckeberg medial calcific sclerosis: Monckeberg medial calcific sclerosis is calcium deposition in the middle layer of muscular arteries, usually without obstructing their lumen. It shows that arterial hardening can result from medial calcification rather than plaque narrowing.
Arterial calcification: Arterial calcification is deposition of calcium-containing mineral in the layers of an artery wall. It stiffens arteries and can occur through mechanisms distinct from atherosclerotic plaque buildup.

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Atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseaseCompared with: It is broader than atherosclerosis, which specifically involves plaque formation.