Arturo Alessandri

Arturo Alessandri Palma (1868–1950) was a Chilean lawyer and politician who served as president from 1920 to 1925 and 1932 to 1938. His administrations helped reshape Chilean politics and constitutional government.

1925 Constitution of Chile: Chile’s constitution adopted in 1925, establishing a stronger presidency and separating church and state. Alessandri’s first presidency culminated in the constitution that replaced parliamentary government.
Parliamentary era in Chile: The period from 1891 to 1925 when Chilean presidents governed under strong congressional control. Alessandri entered national politics as this system faced growing criticism and instability.
Carlos Ibáñez del Campo: A Chilean military officer and politician who served as president and became a central figure in twentieth-century Chile. His rise during Alessandri’s second presidency tested the president’s authority and political strategy.
September 1924 Chilean coup: A military intervention that forced Chile’s Congress to pass social reforms and drove Alessandri into exile. The coup exposed the breakdown of congressional government during his first presidency.
Chilean presidential republic: Chile’s system of government in which executive authority is centered on a directly elected president. The 1925 settlement restored presidential authority after Alessandri’s first term.
Chilean presidential election, 1920: The election in which Arturo Alessandri defeated Luis Barros Borgoño by a narrow margin. Its close result brought Alessandri to the presidency amid intense political conflict.
Marmaduke Grove: A Chilean military officer and socialist politician involved in the political upheavals of 1932. Grove’s revolutionary movement briefly displaced the political order restored under Alessandri.
January 1925 Chilean coup: A military coup that removed Carlos Ibáñez’s allies from power and enabled Alessandri to return from exile. Its aftermath let Alessandri resume office and pursue a new constitutional settlement.
Chilean labor movement: Organized workers and their unions, parties, and campaigns for political and economic rights in Chile. Labor unrest and demands for social legislation shaped the agenda of his first government.
Luis Barros Borgoño: A Chilean politician who opposed Alessandri in the 1920 presidential election. Their closely contested election exposed the social and political divisions Alessandri mobilized.

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Juan Antonio RíosRelated: Ríos served in Alessandri’s governments before becoming a leading Radical politician.