Aslan Maskhadov

Aslan Maskhadov (1951–2005) was a Chechen military commander and politician who became president of the self-declared Chechen Republic of Ichkeria in 1997.

Soviet Armed Forces: The military forces of the Soviet Union from 1918 until its dissolution in 1991. Maskhadov served as a Soviet artillery officer before returning to Chechnya.
Dzhokhar Dudayev: A Soviet air force general who became the first president of the Chechen Republic of Ichkeria. Maskhadov served as chief of staff under Dudayev during the First Chechen War.
1996 Khasavyurt Accord: An agreement that ended major fighting in the First Chechen War and deferred Chechnya’s final status. Maskhadov negotiated the settlement that enabled his election and presidency.
Assassination of Aslan Maskhadov: The 2005 killing of Maskhadov by Russian security forces in Tolstoy-Yurt, Chechnya. His death ended the presidency he had maintained in hiding during the Second Chechen War.
Chechen–Ingush Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic: An autonomous republic within the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic, dissolved in 1991. Maskhadov was born in the Kazakh Soviet Union to a family deported from this republic.
Shamil Basayev: A Chechen militant commander active in the wars between Russia and Chechen separatists. Basayev was a powerful rival and armed actor during Maskhadov’s presidency.
1997 Chechen presidential election: An election in which Maskhadov won the presidency of the Chechen Republic of Ichkeria. It gave Maskhadov an electoral mandate after the First Chechen War.
Chechen insurgency: An armed campaign against Russian rule in Chechnya and neighboring parts of the North Caucasus. Maskhadov’s political leadership persisted as the insurgency expanded after 1999.
Chechen deportation: The 1944 mass deportation of Chechens and Ingush by Soviet authorities to Central Asia. His family’s exile formed part of the history surrounding his birth.
Akhmad Kadyrov: A Chechen religious leader who became head of the pro-Russian administration in Chechnya. Kadyrov broke with separatist leadership and sided with Moscow against Maskhadov’s cause.

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Chechen–Russian conflictRelated: He negotiated the war’s end and later led Chechen resistance.