Asphyxia

Asphyxia is a life-threatening state in which impaired breathing or oxygen delivery leaves the body with too little oxygen. Without prompt correction, it can cause organ injury, cardiac arrest, and death.

Hypoxia: A deficiency of oxygen in body tissues, caused by impaired oxygen supply or use. Asphyxia produces hypoxia when breathing or oxygen delivery cannot meet tissue needs.
Choking: Airway blockage by a foreign object that interferes with breathing. Choking is a common acute form of mechanical asphyxia.
Anoxia: A complete or near-complete absence of oxygen available to body tissues. Asphyxia can cause severe oxygen deprivation, but does not necessarily mean oxygen is entirely absent.
Cerebral hypoxia: Insufficient oxygen supply to the brain, which can rapidly impair neural function. The brain is especially vulnerable to the oxygen deprivation caused by asphyxia.
Hypercapnia: An abnormally high concentration of carbon dioxide in the blood. Airway obstruction or inadequate ventilation can retain carbon dioxide alongside oxygen deprivation.
Strangulation: Compression of the neck that impairs blood flow to the brain, airflow, or both. Neck compression can cause asphyxia through airway or vascular obstruction.
Ischemia: Inadequate blood flow to a tissue or organ, reducing its oxygen and nutrient supply. Asphyxia impairs breathing or oxygen delivery; ischemia specifically involves insufficient blood flow.
Hypoxic-ischemic brain injury: Brain damage caused by combined oxygen deprivation and inadequate blood flow. Asphyxia can injure the brain when oxygen loss and circulatory failure occur together.
Respiratory failure: A condition in which the respiratory system cannot adequately oxygenate blood or remove carbon dioxide. It describes a major physiological failure that can produce asphyxia.
Drowning: Respiratory impairment from submersion or immersion in liquid. Drowning causes asphyxia by preventing effective gas exchange.

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