Asylum

Asylum is protection granted by a state to people who cannot safely return to their country of origin. It can provide a lawful right to remain and protection against return to danger.

Refugee status determination: A legal process for deciding whether a person meets the definition of a refugee. This assessment is the central route by which many asylum claims are decided.
Refugee: A person outside their country who meets a legal definition of needing international protection. Asylum procedures commonly decide whether a claimant qualifies as a refugee.
Asylum procedure in the United States: The United States process for requesting protection based on persecution or fear of persecution. It shows how one country divides asylum claims between affirmative and defensive proceedings.
Refugee integration: The process by which refugees participate in the social, economic, and civic life of a host society. Recognition can open a path to residence, work, education, and longer-term participation.
Non-refoulement: A principle prohibiting the return of people to places where they face specified serious dangers. It limits removal when returning someone would expose them to persecution or other protected harms.
Persecution: Serious harm or oppression inflicted for reasons recognized by refugee law. A claim generally needs a sufficiently serious feared harm to qualify under refugee law.
Asylum in the European Union: The legal framework governing asylum applications and protection standards across EU member states. EU rules coordinate national systems while leaving many decisions to individual states.
Family reunification: A legal process allowing family members to join a person living in another country. Recognized protection may create routes for close relatives to join the protected person.
1951 Refugee Convention: A treaty defining refugee status and setting out protections and duties for states. Its definition and non-refoulement rule anchor many national asylum systems.
Convention grounds: The five protected reasons in the Refugee Convention: race, religion, nationality, political opinion, and particular social group. A feared persecution must be connected to at least one protected reason for Convention refugee status.

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