Athletics

Athletics is a sport built around running, jumping, throwing, and walking events. It includes track and field, road running, cross-country running, and racewalking.

Track and field: A collection of running, jumping, throwing, and combined events held on a track or in a field area. The stadium-based events form the most visible branch of athletics.
Starting blocks: Adjustable foot supports that sprinters push against at the start of a race. They provide a stable launch for track sprint starts.
Usain Bolt: Jamaican sprinter who set the men's world records in the 100 metres and 200 metres in 2009. His sprint records became defining performances of modern track athletics.
Ancient Olympic Games: A series of religious and athletic festivals held at Olympia in ancient Greece. Footraces and other contests provided an ancient precedent for organized athletics.
Olympic Games: An international multi-sport competition held in summer and winter editions. Athletics has been a central part of the modern Summer Olympics.
Road running: Distance running competitions held on paved public roads, often over measured courses. It takes endurance racing beyond the stadium track.
Photo finish: A high-speed finish-line imaging system used to distinguish closely spaced competitors. It resolves sprint placings that are difficult to judge by eye.
Eliud Kipchoge: Kenyan long-distance runner and two-time Olympic marathon champion. His marathon career links elite road racing with Olympic competition.
Thomas Arnold: An English educator and headmaster of Rugby School from 1828 to 1842. His school's sporting culture helped shape nineteenth-century organized athletics.
Doping in sport: The use of prohibited substances or methods to enhance athletic performance. Drug enforcement and contested results have repeatedly affected athletics.

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