Auchenorrhyncha

Auchenorrhyncha is a group of hemipteran insects that includes cicadas, leafhoppers, planthoppers, and spittlebugs. Most feed on plant sap using piercing-sucking mouthparts.

Cicadas: Cicadas are insects known for sound-producing adults and nymphs that feed on plant roots. They are one of Auchenorrhyncha’s most conspicuous branches.
Hemipteran mouthparts: Hemipteran mouthparts form a beak with needlelike stylets used to pierce tissue and draw fluids. These structures let most Auchenorrhyncha feed on plant fluids.
Huanglongbing: Huanglongbing is a destructive citrus disease associated with bacteria transmitted by psyllids. It highlights how sap-feeding hemipterans can spread major plant diseases, though psyllids are not Auchenorrhyncha.
Hemiptera: Hemiptera is an insect order whose members have piercing-sucking mouthparts. Auchenorrhyncha is one of the major lineages within this order.
Leafhoppers: Leafhoppers are small, often jumping insects that feed on plant fluids. They represent a diverse, widespread lineage within the group.
Xylem feeding: Xylem feeding is the consumption of water and dissolved minerals transported through plant xylem. Many spittlebugs and some other Auchenorrhyncha obtain food from this low-nutrient sap.
Aster yellows: Aster yellows is a plant disease caused by phytoplasmas and transmitted by leafhoppers. Leafhopper transmission makes this disease a direct agricultural concern involving the group.
Sternorrhyncha: Sternorrhyncha is a hemipteran group that includes aphids, whiteflies, and scale insects. It is a neighboring hemipteran lineage often contrasted with Auchenorrhyncha.
Planthoppers: Planthoppers are sap-feeding insects, many of which resemble leaves or other plant parts. Their varied forms illustrate the group’s range of adaptations.
Phloem feeding: Phloem feeding is the consumption of sugar-rich sap transported through plant phloem. Many members tap phloem, linking their feeding to plant health and crop disease.

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