Augustus De Morgan

Augustus De Morgan (1806–1871) was an English mathematician and logician who helped develop symbolic logic and formulated the laws of negation for conjunction and disjunction.

Propositional logic: A formal system that studies how propositions combine through connectives such as negation, conjunction, and disjunction. Its connectives are the basic setting for the logical laws associated with De Morgan.
De Morgan's laws: Logical equivalences stating that negating a conjunction yields a disjunction of negations, and negating a disjunction yields a conjunction of negations. These laws are the logical result most directly associated with De Morgan.
George Boole: An English mathematician whose algebraic treatment of logic became known as Boolean algebra. Boole and De Morgan developed symbolic logic in overlapping, influential work.
Symbolic logic: The use of formal symbols and rules to represent and analyze logical reasoning. De Morgan’s writings helped shape the subject beyond traditional syllogistic logic.
Aristotelian logic: A traditional system of reasoning centered on categorical propositions and syllogisms. De Morgan expanded logic beyond the categorical forms central to Aristotle’s system.
Boolean algebra: An algebraic system whose values and operations model logical truth and set relations. Its identities give an algebraic form to De Morgan’s laws.
Predicate logic: A formal system that represents objects, properties, and relations using quantifiers and predicates. De Morgan’s transformations extend to quantifiers: negation exchanges universal and existential claims.
Mary Everest Boole: An English educator and writer on mathematics who preserved and interpreted George Boole’s work. Her accounts help document the intellectual circle in which De Morgan and Boole worked.
University College London: A public research university in London, founded in 1826 as University of London. De Morgan became its first professor of mathematics and taught there for much of his career.
Syllogism: An argument in which a conclusion follows from two premises sharing a middle term. De Morgan studied traditional syllogisms while developing broader symbolic methods.

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